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Retinal vascular changes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a prospective optical coherence tomography angiography pilot study
English summary
Background
In heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), small blood vessels throughout the body, including in the eyes, may be damaged. However, little is known about how the blood vessels in the retina (back of the eye) are affected. This study used a special imaging technique, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), to compare the retinas of HFpEF patients with healthy individuals and to explore if retinal changes are linked to heart function.
What We Did
We studied 22 HFpEF patients and 24 healthy controls. OCT-A scans measured the density of blood vessels and the thickness of retinal layers. For HFpEF patients, we also performed heart ultrasounds to assess how well their hearts filled with blood (diastolic function).
What We Found
- HFpEF patients had lower retinal blood vessel density and thinner retinal layers compared to healthy individuals.
- Thinner retinas were associated with worse heart filling function in HFpEF patients, even after adjusting for factors like age, sex, diabetes, or irregular heartbeats.
Conclusion
Retinal changes in HFpEF patients may reflect damage to small blood vessels throughout the body and worse heart function. OCT-A could be a useful, non-invasive way to monitor these changes and the progression of HFpEF.