Summary on
Temporal prevalence and prognostic impact of diabetes mellitus and albuminuria in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
English summary
Background
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex disease that often occurs alongside other conditions like diabetes and kidney dysfunction. One early sign of kidney problems is albuminuria—a small but detectable leakage of protein in the urine. Both diabetes and albuminuria have been individually linked to worse outcomes in patients with heart failure, but how they interact in HFpEF over time was not well understood.
What We Did
We studied 332 patients from our HFpEF outpatient clinic. Each patient was assessed at the start and again after one year. We measured blood sugar levels (HbA1c) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) to determine whether they had diabetes (or prediabetes) and/or albuminuria. We then followed these patients over several years to see who experienced serious events like hospital admission or death.
Patients were divided into four groups:
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Diabetes and albuminuria (DM+/ALB+)
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Diabetes without albuminuria (DM+/ALB−)
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Albuminuria without diabetes (DM−/ALB+)
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Neither condition (DM−/ALB−)
What We Found
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At baseline, 51% had diabetes or prediabetes and 32% had albuminuria
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Over time, 22% of patients developed new albuminuria, and 4% developed new diabetes
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Patients with both conditions (DM+/ALB+) had a nearly 3× higher risk of being hospitalized or dying
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Albuminuria at any time point—even if it later disappeared—was linked to worse outcomes
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Those who had neither condition had the lowest risk of adverse events
Conclusion
Both diabetes and albuminuria are common and prognostically relevant in HFpEF. Importantly, these factors can change over time. That means a single measurement at diagnosis is not enough. Our findings support routine follow-up testing for blood sugar and kidney function in HFpEF patients to improve risk prediction and care.